dual program - meaning and definition. What is dual program
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What (who) is dual program - definition

POLYHEDRON WHOSE VERTICES CORRESPOND TO THE FACES OF ANOTHER ONE
Dual polyhedra; Dual polytope; Self-dual polyhedron; Self-dual polyhedra; Geometric dual; Dorman Luke; Dorman Luke construction; Polyhedral dual; Self-dual figure; Self-dual polytope; Dual tessellation; Canonical dual; Polyhedron dual; Dual (polyhedron); Tiling dual; Dual tiling
  • Canonical [[dual compound]] of cuboctahedron (light) and rhombic dodecahedron (dark). Pairs of edges meet on their common [[midsphere]].
  • The [[Infinite-order apeirogonal tiling]], {∞,∞} in red, and its dual position in blue
  • topological dual]].<br>Images from [[Kepler]]'s [[Harmonices Mundi]] (1619)
  • The [[square tiling]], {4,4}, is self-dual, as shown by these red and blue tilings
  • The dual of a [[cube]] is an [[octahedron]]. Vertices of one correspond to faces of the other, and edges correspond to each other.

Dual space         
  • ''x''<sub>1</sub> + ''x''<sub>2</sub>}}.
The addition +′ induced by the transformation can be defined as ''<math>[\Psi(x_1) +' \Psi(x_2)](\varphi) = \varphi(x_1 + x_2) = \varphi(x)</math>'' for any ''<math>\varphi</math>'' in the dual space.
VECTOR SPACE OF LINEAR FUNCTIONALS (MAY CONSIST ONLY ON CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONALS OR OF ALL FUNCTIONALS)
Duality (linear algebra); Dual vector space; Algebraic dual; Continuous dual; Continuous dual space; Algebraic dual space; Norm dual; Double dual; Topological dual space; Dual (linear algebra); Annihilator (linear algebra); Dual Space
In mathematics, any vector space V has a corresponding dual vector space (or just dual space for short) consisting of all linear forms on V, together with the vector space structure of pointwise addition and scalar multiplication by constants.
Dual-thrust         
TYPE OF SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE
Dual thrust; Dual-thrust; Dual-thrust rocket engine; Dual-thrust rocket
In a dual-thrust solid propellant rocket engine, the propellant mass is composed of two different types (densities) of fuel. In the case of a tandem dual-thrust motor, the fuel closest to the rocket nozzle burns fast and the fuel further into the motor's body burns slower.
Dual-thrust rocket motor         
TYPE OF SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE
Dual thrust; Dual-thrust; Dual-thrust rocket engine; Dual-thrust rocket
In a dual-thrust solid propellant rocket engine, the propellant mass is composed of two different types (densities) of fuel. In the case of a tandem dual-thrust motor, the fuel nearest to the rocket nozzle burns fast, and the fuel further into the motor's body burns slower.

Wikipedia

Dual polyhedron

In geometry, every polyhedron is associated with a second dual structure, where the vertices of one correspond to the faces of the other, and the edges between pairs of vertices of one correspond to the edges between pairs of faces of the other. Such dual figures remain combinatorial or abstract polyhedra, but not all can also be constructed as geometric polyhedra. Starting with any given polyhedron, the dual of its dual is the original polyhedron.

Duality preserves the symmetries of a polyhedron. Therefore, for many classes of polyhedra defined by their symmetries, the duals belong to a corresponding symmetry class. For example, the regular polyhedra – the (convex) Platonic solids and (star) Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra – form dual pairs, where the regular tetrahedron is self-dual. The dual of an isogonal polyhedron (one in which any two vertices are equivalent under symmetries of the polyhedron) is an isohedral polyhedron (one in which any two faces are equivalent [...]), and vice versa. The dual of an isotoxal polyhedron (one in which any two edges are equivalent [...]) is also isotoxal.

Duality is closely related to polar reciprocity, a geometric transformation that, when applied to a convex polyhedron, realizes the dual polyhedron as another convex polyhedron.